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癌症是多种因素长期共同作用引发的基因异常疾病。当机体受到环境中的化学、物理、病毒等致癌物质的影响,和/或因自身遗传、内分泌、性别、年龄等因素的作用时,可发生一系列基因异常改变,形成恶性肿瘤。
Veterinary oncology, concentrating mainly on cats and canines, is usually a expanding specialty in wealthy nations and the most important types of human treatment method for instance surgical procedure and radiotherapy could be presented.
筛查规划仅对某些类型而非所有类型的癌症有效,而且一般来说,筛查规划比早期诊断复杂得多并需要更大量的资源,包括需要特殊设备和专门人员。即使建立了筛查规划,早期诊断规划也依然必要,以便查明那些发生在不符合筛查的年龄或风险因素标准的人群中的癌症病例。
内分泌腺切除术:适用于依赖激素生长的癌症,如:乳腺癌可切除卵巢、脑垂体等,前列腺癌切除睾丸,现已少用。
物理致癌物,例如紫外线和电离辐射;而异物刺激、创伤、慢性炎症等会促进恶变进程。
姑息性手术:无法将原发灶或转移灶切尽,或因患者急性症状严重,必须先手术缓解,之后再争取根治手术。
The key innovation in this article lies in the usage of protein cage nanoparticle-based mostly techniques. These methods are engineered to hold signals that entice NK cells straight to the tumor, conquering one of many significant challenges in most cancers immunotherapy: ensuring the immune cells discover and assault only the cancer cells with out harming healthy tissue.
Laser therapy takes advantage of high-depth light-weight to deal with most cancers by shrinking or destroying tumors or precancerous growths. Lasers are most commonly applied to deal with superficial cancers that are about the floor of the human body or even the lining of inside organs. It is actually applied to take care of basal mobile skin cancer plus the incredibly early phases of Many others like 癌症 cervical, penile, vaginal, vulvar, and non-little cell lung most cancers. It is commonly coupled with other remedies, including operation, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.
確診為癌症後就要進一步做癌症屬於哪一期之分期檢查,觀察是否有轉移,並定期追蹤以免癌症復發,以便醫師擬定治療方向。(延伸閱讀:癌症診斷的目的與方法)
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无法停止不受控制的细胞增长。正常细胞知道何时停止增长,因此每种类型的细胞都有合适的数量。癌细胞失去命令其何时停止增长的控制(肿瘤抑制基因)。肿瘤抑制基因的突变使癌细胞继续增长和积累。
某些癌症的成長會受某些荷爾蒙的增加或減少而抑制。對荷爾蒙敏感的腫瘤常見的例子有乳癌和前列腺癌,減低或增加體內雌激素或雄激素往往可用來做為補充治療的一種。
有些恶性肿瘤,并不被称为癌或肉瘤,而是以“恶性……瘤”的名词出现,如恶性黑色素瘤。